In Linux, runlevels are different operating states or system configurations that determine which processes can run and what services are available. The specific runlevels can vary depending on the distribution, but the common runlevels in Linux are:
1. Runlevel 0: This runlevel is known as the "halt" or "shutdown" state. It is used to power off the system and bring it to a complete stop.
2. Runlevel 1: Also known as the "single-user" mode, this runlevel is used for system maintenance and recovery tasks. In this runlevel, only a single user can log in, and most services and daemons are not active.
3. Runlevel 2: This runlevel is typically used for multi-user mode without networking functionality. It includes essential services and daemons required for normal system operation without network services.
4. Runlevel 3: This runlevel is similar to runlevel 2, but includes networking functionality. It is commonly used for server systems that do not require a graphical interface.
5. Runlevel 4: This runlevel is not commonly used by most Linux distributions. It is typically left unused or can be customized for specific purposes.
6. Runlevel 5: This runlevel is used for multiuser environments with networking and a graphical user interface (GUI). It is the default runlevel for many desktop Linux distributions.
7. Runlevel 6: This runlevel is used to reboot the system. It is similar to runlevel 0, but instead of powering off the system, it initiates a reboot.
Runlevels are managed by the init process in Linux. System administrators can switch between runlevels using commands like `init`, `telinit`, or `systemctl`, depending on the distribution. Each runlevel is associated with a set of scripts and services that are started or stopped when the system transitions to that runlevel.
It's important to note that the specific runlevels and their associated services can differ across different Linux distributions. It's recommended to refer to the documentation specific to your distribution for the exact details of the runlevels used.
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